Disaster mitigation is a way to reduce the damage caused by a disaster that can't be completely prevented. It involves taking permanent actions before a disaster to make a community as safe as possible. Mitigation measures can be taken at the household or community level.
It involves the choice of technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks, and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks. A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the work schedule.
Rehabilitation is a process of bringing a building up to current standards with the addition of modern features and systems. Retrofitting is the process of adapting a structure to a new use. It involves making modifications to the existing building or structure to make it suitable for a different purpose.
Structural analysis and design is a process that involves analyzing and observing loads and stresses, and then using those findings to decide the dimensions of structural members.
These structures include bridge foundations, tunnels, offshore platforms, gravity-base structures, dams, airfields, breakwaters, surge barriers, and power stations harnessing energy from wave, wind, tides, and currents.
Smart Materials and Structures is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering technical advances in smart materials, systems, and structures; including intelligent systems, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control.
Strength, weldability, toughness, ductility, corrosion resistance, and formability are all important to determine how well a steel performs. High-performance steel (HPS) can be defined as having an optimized balance of these properties to give maximum performance in bridge structures while remaining cost-effective.
High-performance concrete is a type of concrete that is designed to be stronger and more durable than traditional concrete. It's made with high-quality ingredients and optimized mixture designs and is batched, mixed, placed, compacted, and cured to industry standards. HPC can have a variety of attributes.
Fiber-reinforced polymer is a lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant building material that's often used in construction. It's made by combining a polymer matrix, such as vinyl ester, polyester, or epoxy, with reinforcing fibers. FRP is sometimes called composite because it's made of materials that work together to create a stronger performance.
Construction workers engage in many activities that may expose them to serious hazards, such as falling from rooftops, unguarded machinery, being struck by heavy construction equipment, electrocutions, silica dust, and asbestos.
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that involves designing, building, and maintaining the physical and natural environment. This includes public works projects like roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, and railways. Civil engineers also design and construct man-made structures like buildings, and are responsible for ensuring they can withstand physical pressures and environmental strains.
Structural engineering is a subfield of civil engineering that focuses on the strength, stability, and durability of buildings, bridges, airplanes, and other structures. Structural engineers use their knowledge of physics, mathematics, and structural design requirements to work with architects and designers to develop safe structures.
There are various kinds of building materials used in construction, like steel, cement, concrete, ready mix concrete, binding wires, wood, stone, brick blocks, and aggregate.
The definition of development (construction) includes the entire construction process, from producing building materials to executing physical work on-site.
Hydraulic engineering is the application of the principles of fluid mechanics to problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water.
Green building technology is a set of advanced techniques that are used to create buildings with minimal environmental impact across their entire lifecycle.
Highway engineering is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, and bridges.
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems.
Architectural engineering focuses its study on the design of all building systems, including the mechanical, lighting/electrical, and structural systems of a building, while also planning the construction process of buildings and building systems.
Another interesting emerging trend in civil engineering is the latest construction technology of 3D Printing. With innovations in techniques and materials, 3D Printed structures are well on their way to becoming one of the cheapest and quickest methods of construction.