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Materials science engineers explore materials' scientific fundamentals, design, and processing for real-world applications. They apply the basic principles of chemistry and physics to understand the structure and properties of materials. They design processes to manipulate materials to meet the needs of modern technology.

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Nanotechnology is the handling of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supra molecular scale. The interesting aspect about nanotechnology is that the properties of many materials alter when the size scale of their dimensions approaches nanometers. Materials scientists and engineers work to understand those property changes and utilize them in the processing and manufacture of materials at the nanoscale level. The field of materials science covers the discovery, characterization, properties, and use of nanoscale materials.

 

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Different geophysical and social pressures are providing a shift from conventional fossil fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources. We must create the materials that will support emergent energy technologies. Solar energy is a top priority of the department, and we are devoting extensive resources to developing photovoltaic cells that are both more efficient and less costly than current technology.
 
 
 
Alternative Energy Vectors.
 
 
Semiconductors.
 
Photovoltaics (pv)
 
Fuel cells.
 
 
 

Advanced Energy Materials is a peer reviewed scientific journal covering energy-related research, including photovoltaics, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen technologies, thermoelectrics, photocatalysis, solar power technologies, magnetic refrigeration, and piezoelectric materials.

 

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Graphene was the first 2D material to be isolated. Graphene and other two-dimensional materials have a long list of unique properties that have made it a hot topic for intense scientific research and the development of technological applications. These also have huge potential in their own right or in combination with Graphene. The extraordinary physical properties of Graphene and other 2D materials have the potential to both enhance existing technologies and also create a range of new applications. Pure Graphene has an exceptionally wide range of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Graphene can also greatly improve the thermal conductivity of a material improving heat dissipation. In applications which require very high electrical conductivity Graphene can either be used by itself or as an additive to other materials.
 
2D materials beyond Graphene
Chemical functionalization of Graphene
 
 

Superconductor is a material that acts strangely when cooled down to a certain temperature. When these materials are at that one special temperature, which we call the critical temperature, they suddenly become perfect conductors. What do we mean by this? Well, it means that their resistance is zero. A current in a superconductor can keep flowing without any decay, forever.
Superconductors can be used to create powerful electromagnets, like those used in MRI scanners in hospitals. They can also be used to separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials.
 

 

Biomaterials are materials from which medical devices are made. Based on their chemical composition, they can be polymers, metals, ceramics or composites. Metals are still the most used biomaterials mostly due to their superior mechanical properties and can be found in orthopedic, cardiovascular and dental implants.

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3D printing is sometimes referred to as Additive Manufacturing (AM). In 3D printing, one creates a design of an object using software, and the 3D printer creates the object by adding layer upon layer of material until the shape of the object is formed.  The object can be made using a number of printing materials, including plastics, powders, filaments and paper. 3D technology is an emerging sector that is being embraced by business nowadays, to improve the shopping experience as well as to simplify the working process, applications of 3d technologies include 3D modeling, 3D printing, 3D visuailizaton, 3D display.
 
 
 

A biomaterial is a substance that has been created to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose, either diagnostic or therapeutic. Emerging advanced biomaterials, such as hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers, and particles, have recently shown significant promise for use as cell/drug carriers for local drug delivery and biomimetic scaffolds for future regeneration therapies. Any device made out of biological components is referred to as a biodevice. More efficient, concurrent design of materials and components to meet specified performance requirements, the ability to priorities models and computational methods by the degree of utility in design, are all potential benefits of this systems approach. Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that restores, maintains, improves, or replaces various types of biological tissues by combining cells, engineering, materials technologies, and appropriate biochemical and physicochemical parameters
 

 

Surface coating, any mixture of film-forming materials plus pigments, solvents, and other additives, which, when applied to a surface and cured or dried, yields a thin film that is functional and often decorative. Surface engineering is a sub-discipline of materials science concerned with solid matter's surface. Chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering are among the fields where it can be used. Surface engineering is the process of changing the properties of a surface phase in order to slow down its degradation. This is achieved by making the surface resistant to the environment it will be employed in. It provides low-cost material that can be used to create a strong design.
 

 

Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry and physics, and engineering.

 

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The primeval ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to produce smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates. Ceramics currently include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as a broad range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors. Polymers are investigated in the fields of biophysics and macromolecular science, and polymer science (which encompass polymer chemistry and polymer physics). Historically, products arising from the linkage of repeating units by covalent chemical bonds have been the primary focus of polymer science; emerging important areas of the science currently focus on non-covalent links. Composite materials are generally used for buildings, bridges and structures like boat hulls, swimming pool panels, race car bodies, shower stalls, bathtubs, storage tanks, imitation granite and cultured marble sinks and counter tops. The most advanced examples perform routinely on spacecraft in demanding environments.

 

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Nanomaterials are composed of structures at the nanoscale, usually achieved via specifically designed self-assembly processes. They acquire unique electronic, optical, mechanical, magnetic, catalytic properties, which cannot be achieved without their nano-architecture. Such advanced nanomaterials provide unprecedented opportunities for tuning their properties in a very broad range. It is an actively developing field of modern research with a wide spectrum of applications ranging from nanoelectronics and energy harvesting to biology and nanomedicine. Advanced polymers and nanocomposites, battery materials and multifunctional materials, drug delivery and tissue engineering, bio-inspired and hybrid nanomaterials are just a few examples of research areas where advanced nanomaterials play an essential role.

 

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Green Polymers is an innovative technology to replace traditional materials with the eco-friendly substances. Polystyrene-Aluminium Chloride: It is used to prepare Ethers from alcohols. Polystyrene AlCl3 is a useful catalyst for synthetic reactions which require both a dehydrating agent and a Lewis acid. Thus, acetals are obtained in good yield by the reaction of aldehyde, alcohol and polymeric AlCl3 in an organic inert solvent. Polymeric super acid catalysts: These polymeric super acid catalysts are obtained by aluminium chloride to Sulfonate Polystyrene.

 

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When the ore is extracted it must then be upgraded or concentrated, and processed into metal. This stage is defined as metallurgy, while mining is concerned with extracting the ore. The metallurgy of copper, bauxite and iron ore are founded on the same principle of progressive ore refining to obtain the metal.

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Functional materials Functional materials are distinctly different from structural materials, and their physical and chemical properties are sensitive to a change in the environment such as temperature, pressure, electric field, magnetic field, optical wavelength, adsorbed gas molecules and the pH value. The functional materials utilize the native properties and functions of their own to achieve an intelligent action. Functional materials cover a broader range of materials than the smart materials illustrated above. Besides the materials belonging to the smart structure.

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For any electronic device to operate well, electrical current must be efficiently controlled by switching devices, which becomes challenging as systems approach very small dimensions. This problem must be addressed by synthesizing materials that permit reliable turn-on and turn-off of current at any size scale. New electronic and photonic nanomaterials assure dramatic breakthroughs in communications, computing devices and solid-state lighting.
 
Soft magnetic materials
Hard magnetic materials
Dielectric materials
 
 

Soft matter or soft condensed matter is a subfield of condensed matter comprising a variety of physical systems that are deformed or structurally altered by thermal or mechanical stress of the magnitude of thermal fluctuations. These materials share an important common feature in that predominant physical behaviors occur at an energy scale comparable with room temperature thermal energy and that entropy is considered the dominant factor. At these temperatures, quantum aspects are generally unimportant. Soft materials include liquids, colloids, polymers, foams, gels, granular materials, liquid crystals, flesh, and a number of biomaterials. When soft materials interact favorably with surfaces, they become squashed without an external compressive force.

 

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Hybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level. Commonly one of these compounds is inorganic and the other one organic in nature. Thus, they differ from traditional composites where the constituents are at the macroscopic (micrometer to millimeter) level. Mixing at the microscopic scale leads to a more homogeneous material that either shows characteristics in between the two original phases or even new properties.

The first hybrid materials were the paints made from inorganic and organic components that were used thousands of years ago. Rubber is an example of the use of inorganic materials as fillers for organic polymers. The sol–gel process developed in the 1930s was one of the major driving forces what has become the broad field of inorganic–organic hybrid materials.

 

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The ever-increasing world population and growth of urban environments has resulted in an unprecedented number of structures and infrastructure systems being built in regions that are exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, wind storms, flooding and fire. The increased risk associated with building in these areas, coupled with society’s demand for an enhanced level of performance of the built environment, calls for the development of new multi-disciplinary analysis, design and fabrication approaches for a wide spectrum of structural systems.

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Presenting the fundamental topics in glass science and technology, this concise introduction includes glass formation, crystallization, and phase separation. Glass structure models, with emphasis on the oxygen balance method, are presented in detail.  Glass technology is addressed in chapters dealing with the raw materials for producing glasses, batch calculations, and the melting and fining processes.

 

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Carbon nanotube production exceeded several thousand tons per year, used for applications in energy storage, device modelling, automotive parts, boat hulls, sporting goods, water filters, thin-film electronics, coatings, actuators and electromagnetic shields.
 
Although not made this way, single-wall carbon nanotubes can be idealized as cutouts from a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms rolled up along one of the Bravais lattice vectors of the hexagonal lattice to form a hollow cylinder.
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
 
These trends tend to increase the initial and long term economic, ecological, energy, and social costs of building materials.
 

 

The ability of a nation to harness nature as well as its ability to cope up with the challenges posed by it is determined by its complete knowledge of materials and its ability to develop and produce them for various applications. Advanced Materials are at the heart of many technological developments that touch our lives. Electronic materials for communication and information technology, optical fibers, laser fibers sensors for intelligent environment, energy materials for renewable energy and environment, light alloys for better transportation, materials for strategic applications and more. Advanced materials have a wider role to play in the upcoming future years because of their multiple uses and can be of greater help for whole humanity. The global market for conformal coating on electronics market the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7% from 2015 to 2020. The global market for polyurethanes has been growing at a CAGR (2016-2023) of 6.9%, driven by various application industries, such as, automotive; bedding and furniture; building and construction; packaging; electronics and footwear. In 2015, Asia-Pacific dominated the global polyurethanes market, followed by Europe and North America. BASF, Bayer, Dow Chemical, Mitsui Chemicals, Nippon Polyurethanes, Trelleborg, Woodbridge are some of the major manufacturers of polyurethanes across regions.